Evaluation for 3.3d
Materials include embedded guidance to support emergent bilingual students in developing academic vocabulary, increasing comprehension, building background knowledge, and making cross-linguistic connections through oral and written discourse.
The materials include embedded guidance to support emergent bilingual (EB) students in developing academic vocabulary, increasing comprehension, and building background knowledge through oral and written discourse. For example, in the “Equation Detective: Subtraction Word Problems to 20 Using Number Sentences” lesson, educators introduce and review academic vocabulary including
minuend,
subtrahend,
difference,
structural error, and
computational error. They also provide a sentence frame for students to explain errors in subtraction equations. Students engage in partner mathematical discourse as they read word problems aloud, match equations to problem situations, explain how equations represent subtraction stories, and identify and discuss structural and computational errors. The lesson activates background knowledge by connecting mathematical error analysis to familiar experiences of identifying mistakes and comparing information to what is expected.
The materials provide differentiated guidance that increases students’ use of academic language through oral and written discourse. Students at the entering/emerging level use a visual reference card and gestures to identify the structure of an equation. At the developing/intermediate level, students use an academic sentence frame orally before writing their explanation. Students at the expanding/advanced level explain the error type, correction, and mathematical reasoning in complete sentences. At the bridging/reaching level, students write an evidence statement that identifies the error type and incorrect value, provides the correct value, and explains its implication for the representation of the story. These supports scaffold comprehension and the use of increasingly precise academic language as students progress from supported oral language to more independent written mathematical explanations.
The materials also include explicit guidance for making cross-linguistic connections through oral and written discourse. Educators point out English-Spanish cognates such as
structural/estructural,
computational/computacional,
equation/ecuación, and
evaluate/evaluar. They explicitly discuss similarities between words across the two languages. In bilingual and ESL settings, educators are guided to present key vocabulary in both languages and allow students to explain error-analysis reasoning in either language. Together with the lesson’s oral discussions, sentence frames, recording activities, and math-writing tasks, these supports provide opportunities for emergent bilingual students to build and communicate mathematical understanding across languages through both oral and written discourse.