Evaluation for 5.C.1c
Materials include teacher guidance to provide explicit (direct) and systematic instruction for letter formation for the 26 letters of the alphabet (upper and lowercase). (PR 2.A & 2.A.3) (T)
The kindergarten materials include clear and structured guidance for teaching letter formation of all 26 uppercase and lowercase letters of the alphabet. The resources are explicit and systematic, aligning with phonics instruction to reinforce sound-symbol correspondences. Teachers are supported with tools that ensure students build handwriting fluency alongside phonemic awareness. The materials include a well-defined seven-step handwriting routine outlined in the Grade K Manuscript Handwriting Practice Teacher Guide. This routine begins with reviewing the letter name, sound, and articulatory gestures. It then progresses through multisensory engagement, keystroke review, teacher modeling, guided practice, fluency building, and differentiation based on student performance. For instance, when teaching the uppercase letter M, teachers are instructed to say: "Start at the skyline, pull down to the ground, lift, slant right down to the ground, slant up to the skyline, pull down to the ground." For the lowercase m, the chant is: "Start at the middle, pull down to the ground, push up, curve forward, pull down to the ground, push up, curve forward, pull down to the ground." These chants help students internalize the motor patterns necessary for accurate letter formation. The Grade K Manuscript Handwriting Teacher Resource contains a detailed scope and sequence that introduces handwriting practice in alignment with phonics lessons. For example, Unit 1, Week 2 introduces the letter "Mm" and its sound "m" in phonics lessons, while handwriting practice for the same week focuses on forming both uppercase and lowercase "Mm." The resource also supports instruction with Alphabet Songs, Articulation Videos, and Letter Formation Charts. These charts include lined visuals of each letter with directional arrows and step-by-step instructions. For example, the uppercase "A" chart instructs: "Start at the skyline, slant left down, lift, go back to the skyline, slant right down, lift, slide across in the middle," while the lowercase a chart directs: "Start below the middle, circle back, lift to the middle, pull down to the ground."